Pauline Barmby / en U of T expert on Canada's grand plan to explore the mysteries of the cosmos /news/u-t-expert-canada-s-grand-plan-explore-mysteries-cosmos <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">U of T expert on Canada's grand plan to explore the mysteries of the cosmos</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20190911-190035-web%3Bead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=dDQeY9U5 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/file-20190911-190035-web%3Bead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=zkgYCE9a 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/file-20190911-190035-web%3Bead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=da1XOrDV 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/file-20190911-190035-web%3Bead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=dDQeY9U5" alt="Hubble Space Telescope image"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2019-09-16T11:41:24-04:00" title="Monday, September 16, 2019 - 11:41" class="datetime">Mon, 09/16/2019 - 11:41</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">A composite image showing the distribution of dark matter, galaxies and hot gas in a merging galaxy cluster taken with NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in Hawaii (image via NASA)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/bryan-gaensler" hreflang="en">Bryan Gaensler</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/pauline-barmby" hreflang="en">Pauline Barmby</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/dunlap-institute-astronomy-astrophysics" hreflang="en">Dunlap Institute for Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-arts-science" hreflang="en">Faculty of Arts &amp; Science</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span></span>There are about the same number of <a href="https://casca.ca/?page_id=61">professional astronomers in Canada</a> as there are active <a href="https://www.quanthockey.com/nhl/nationality-totals/active-nhl-players-career-stats.html">Canadian hockey players in the NHL</a>. Hockey players get a lot more press than do the astronomers, and that’s too bad.</p> <p>Astronomy research is a spectacular Canadian success story, in which a small community of scientists has racked up decades of major discoveries. Canadian astronomers have used government and other funding to participate in the world’s leading telescope and supercomputer projects, making discoveries about black holes, planets and galaxies at <a href="https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?category=3103&amp;area=3100&amp;order=cd&amp;ord=desc&amp;min=1000&amp;min_type=it">a rate well above our peer countries</a>.</p> <p>Why should Canada support research in astronomy? Astronomy doesn’t directly cure disease or solve environmental problems. What it does do is <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/indigenous-astronomy-1.5077070">enrich our culture</a> by reminding us of the <a href="https://www.macleans.ca/society/the-2017-solar-eclipse-entranced-canadians-across-the-country-3/">larger context</a> in which our day-to-day lives are embedded.</p> <p>Compared to the vast universe, we are minute creatures on a tiny planet in a typical galaxy and yet we have managed to use our minds and hands to understand many aspects of how the universe works. Every new discovery brings new questions, which serve to drive progress in physics and engineering – some of which does help to <a href="https://splinternews.com/your-computer-could-help-unlock-the-universes-mysteries-1793844660">cure disease</a>, <a href="https://www.citylab.com/life/2017/03/using-astronomy-to-fight-urban-blight/517911/">address social issues</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/science/drones-infrared-cameras-animals.html">protect endangered species</a> and <a href="https://www.wired.com/2015/06/space-tech-makes-everything-better-even-wind-farms/">advance renewable energy</a> – and inspire Canadians of all ages.</p> <h4>Canadian achievements</h4> <p>Canadians can be justifiably proud of our recent astronomy discoveries. The <a href="https://chime-experiment.ca/">Canadian-built CHIME telescope</a>, located near Penticton, B.C., is an entirely new type of radio telescope that is revolutionizing our understanding of <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/repeating-fast-radio-bursts-in-space-1.5249959">the mysterious phenomenon known as fast radio bursts</a>.</p> <figure><iframe allowfullscreen frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Zf64RZq4rXA?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe> <figcaption><span class="caption">CBC The National: The CHIME telescope will reveal new information about the cosmos.</span></figcaption> </figure> <p>Canadian scientists and engineers <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2007/04/nrc-scientists-produce-world-most-sensitive-radio-detectors-probe-universe.html">provided one of the key technologies</a> for the ALMA telescope in Chile, part of the <a href="https://eventhorizontelescope.org/">worldwide telescope</a> that recently produced <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-first-ever-photograph-of-a-black-hole/">the first images of a black hole</a>. A Canadian-led team were the first to ever directly witness <a href="https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1404/a-four-planet-system-in-orbit-directly-imaged-and-remarkable/">planets orbiting another star</a>.</p> <p>In 2016, McGill astronomer Victoria Kaspi was the youngest-ever researcher and first woman to <a href="https://www.universityaffairs.ca/news/news-article/mcgill-astrophysicist-victoria-kaspi-wins-2016-herzberg-gold-medal/">win Canada’s top science prize</a>, the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal. Kaspi received the medal for her <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000812107">groundbreaking research on neutron stars</a>.</p> <p>Mark Halpern and Gary Hinshaw of the University of British Columbia shared the <a href="https://www.phas.ubc.ca/halpern-and-hinshaw-share-cosmologys-most-prestigious-prize">2012 Gruber Prize for Cosmology</a>, for their work to precisely determine the age of the universe. (The answer is <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2013/03/age-of-the-universe-planck-results-show-universe-is-13-82-billion-years-old.html">13.8 billion years old</a>, in case you were wondering.)</p> <h4>Successful collaborations</h4> <p>Some of the credit for Canadian astronomy success goes not only to brilliant individuals, but to a scientific community that works together. Astronomy research is enabled by technology, and the newest, most powerful telescopes are too expensive for any one scientist or university to build and operate on their own. These research facilities are designed, built and funded by huge national and international teams, and planning these large projects <a href="https://www.skatelescope.org/history-of-the-skaproject/">can take decades</a>.</p> <p>To decide which facilities show the most promise for the future, Canadian astronomers have engaged in a series of <a href="https://www.casca.ca/lrp2010/">long-range plans</a>&nbsp;in which the community debates and then makes a recommendation on the most exciting science questions and opportunities for the years ahead. Canadian involvement in nearly all of the discoveries and telescopes mentioned above was the result of priorities set out in previous long-range plans. As the two co-chairs of Canadian astronomy’s long-range plan for the next 10 years (2020-2030), our job is to co-ordinate the decisions on which big discoveries the nation’s astronomy community should pursue next and what telescopes will be needed to make this happen.</p> <p>Science planning on such long time scales has its drawbacks as well as its advantages. International projects rely on co-operation from many partners and have complex schedules over which Canada has limited control. Canadian involvement in the <a href="https://www.tmt.org/">Thirty Meter Telescope</a> was strongly recommended in the 2010 Long Range Plan and <a href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/04/06/stephen-harper-announces-2435-million-in-funding-for-thirty-meter-telescope.html">funded by the federal government in 2015</a>, shortly before construction was slated to commence. However, <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/07/24/mauna-kea-tmt-protests-rock-joins-hawaiian-protesters-kupuna/1823252001/">protests and court cases over its planned location</a> on Maunakea – a mountain <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/7/24/20706930/mauna-kea-hawaii">sacred to Native Hawaiians</a> – means that construction <a href="http://www.maunakeaandtmt.org/tmt-process/#whats-next">has still not begun</a>. Canadian astronomers have not previously faced such a social issue in conjunction with their science and the community is grappling with <a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02441-7">how to respond</a>.</p> <p>In the near future, Canadian astronomers are looking forward to the launch of <a href="https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/">James Webb Space Telescope</a>. Canada has played a significant role in this $12-billion mission, providing <a href="http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/jwst/contribution.asp">one of the four cameras</a> that will fly on the telescope. Canadian astronomers hope to use it to study the atmospheres of planets around other stars, the most distant galaxies in the early universe and the building blocks of planets and life found between the stars.</p> <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=900&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=900&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=900&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1131&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1131&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/291691/original/file-20190910-109931-1d5wzgp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=1131&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a> <figcaption><span class="caption">The primary mirror of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope consists of 18 hexagonal mirrors and will collect light for the observatory to better understand our solar system and beyond (photo via NASA)</span>&nbsp;</figcaption> </figure> <p>The <a href="https://casca.ca/?page_id=75">2020 Long Range Plan</a>&nbsp;is now underway with an exciting array of future possibilities to consider. These include: participation in two new <a href="http://skatelescope.ca/">world-leading</a> <a href="https://ngvla.nrao.edu/">radio telescopes</a> currently being designed; the first observatory-class <a href="https://www.castormission.org/about">space telescope led by Canada</a>; <a href="https://mse.cfht.hawaii.edu/">transformations of existing telescopes with powerful new sensors</a>; and developing the technology <a href="http://www.exoplanetes.umontreal.ca/irex-astronomers-determine-earths-fingerprint-in-hopes-of-finding-habitable-planets-beyond-the-solar-system/">to find the signatures of life</a> on planets orbiting other stars.</p> <p>The process will identify the critical present and future science questions and develop a vision for what cutting-edge equipment and facilities will be needed to advance Canadian astronomy. We couldn’t be more excited.<br> <!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bryan-gaensler-598">Bryan Gaensler</a>&nbsp;is the director of the&nbsp;Dunlap Institute for Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics at the&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-toronto-1281">ºüÀêÊÓƵ</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pauline-barmby-812019">Pauline Barmby</a>&nbsp;is a professor&nbsp;of physics and astronomy at&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/western-university-882">Western University</a>.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">the Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/canadas-grand-plan-to-explore-the-mysteries-of-the-cosmos-122362">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 16 Sep 2019 15:41:24 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 158294 at